Growing Leeks in Missouri: A Step-by-Step Guide

Missouri’s diverse climate offers both challenges and opportunities for growing leeks, but with the right approach, gardeners in the Show-Me State can enjoy a successful harvest of this flavorful vegetable. Whether you’re located in the more temperate south or the cooler northern areas, here’s a guide to growing leeks in Missouri.

1. Selecting the Right Leek Varieties for Missouri

Missouri’s varying temperatures mean it’s essential to choose leek varieties suited for the state’s specific climate conditions:

  • ‘Lancelot’: A cold-tolerant, early-maturing variety that does well in Missouri’s shorter growing seasons.
  • ‘Tadorna’: A medium-season leek, perfect for summer and early fall plantings.
  • ‘Durabel’: A hardy variety that can overwinter well, particularly in southern Missouri.

2. Timing Your Planting

Timing is crucial when growing leeks in Missouri, where the weather can fluctuate from very hot summers to cold winters.

  • Spring Planting: Start seeds indoors 10-12 weeks before the last frost, around early February in southern Missouri or late February in the northern regions. Transplant them outside after the danger of frost has passed, typically between mid-April and early May.
  • Fall Planting: For fall leeks, start seeds indoors in late June and transplant them outside by August. Fall-planted leeks can be harvested through the winter or early spring.

3. Soil and Site Preparation

Leeks grow best in loose, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Missouri’s soil varies across the state, but if you have clay-heavy or compacted soil, improve drainage by working in compost or well-rotted manure.

  • Soil pH: Aim for a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Perform a soil test to determine if lime or sulfur is needed to adjust the soil’s acidity.
  • Fertilizer: Leeks are heavy feeders and benefit from a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) worked into the soil before planting. Adding compost or organic amendments during the growing season will ensure continued fertility.

4. Planting Leeks

Leeks should be planted in trenches or individual holes about 6 inches deep, with the goal of encouraging the long, white, tender stems that are prized in cooking. Space the seedlings 6 inches apart in rows spaced 12 to 18 inches apart. As they grow, hill soil around the base of the plants to blanch the lower part of the stalk.

5. Watering and Mulching

Leeks require regular watering, especially during Missouri’s hot and dry summers. Water deeply once or twice a week to keep the soil consistently moist, but be careful not to overwater as leeks don’t do well in soggy conditions. Use mulch to help retain soil moisture and control weeds.

6. Managing Pests and Diseases

Missouri’s growing conditions can make leeks susceptible to pests like onion thrips and leek moths. To minimize pest issues, monitor your plants regularly, and use organic insecticides like neem oil if needed. Diseases such as downy mildew and rust can occur, especially in wet conditions, so ensure good air circulation by spacing plants properly and avoiding overhead watering.

7. Harvesting and Storing Leeks

Leeks are typically ready for harvest when they reach 1 inch in diameter. For spring plantings, this is usually between 90 and 120 days after transplanting. Fall leeks can be left in the ground through winter, particularly in southern Missouri, as they can tolerate frost and even snow if well-mulched. To harvest, use a fork or spade to gently loosen the soil around the plants and pull them out.

Conclusion

Missouri offers a favorable environment for growing leeks with careful planning. Whether you’re cultivating spring or fall leeks, focusing on soil health, watering, and timing will yield an excellent crop. Missouri gardeners can enjoy fresh leeks from late summer through early spring, adding flavor and variety to their kitchen tables.