How to Grow Cabbage in New Mexico

Climate and Growing Conditions

New Mexico’s high desert climate, characterized by warm days and cool nights, provides a unique environment for growing cabbage. Cabbage thrives in cooler temperatures, ideally between 55°F and 75°F, making fall and early spring the best growing seasons in New Mexico. The state’s arid climate means that cabbage will require consistent watering to thrive, but the cool nights and dry air can help reduce pest pressure and disease.

Best Time to Plant:
In New Mexico, cabbage can be planted in both fall and spring. For a fall crop, sow seeds indoors in mid-July and transplant them into the garden in late August or September. For a spring crop, start seeds indoors in late winter (January to February) and transplant seedlings outside in early March, after the last frost.

Soil Preparation

Cabbage prefers rich, fertile, well-drained soil. New Mexico’s soils often consist of sandy or rocky material, so amending the soil to improve water retention and fertility is crucial.

  • Soil pH: Cabbage thrives in slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
  • Soil Amendments: Amend sandy or rocky soils with compost or well-rotted manure to increase water retention and supply nutrients. Cabbage is a heavy feeder, so enriching the soil before planting will support healthy growth throughout the season.

Planting

Start cabbage seeds indoors or purchase young transplants from a local nursery. Plant in a sunny location where cabbage can receive full sun for at least 6 hours a day.

Spacing:
Space cabbage plants 12-24 inches apart, with rows spaced 24-36 inches apart. Proper spacing is essential to allow the heads to form and to prevent overcrowding, which can lead to poor air circulation and increased disease risk.

Watering and Care

  • Watering: In New Mexico’s dry climate, consistent watering is key to growing healthy cabbage. Water deeply, aiming for about 1.5 inches of water per week, especially during the hotter parts of the growing season. Mulching around the base of the plants can help retain moisture and keep the soil cool.
  • Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer (such as 10-10-10) before planting and side-dress with nitrogen-rich fertilizer when the plants reach mid-growth. This helps cabbage produce large, firm heads.
  • Pest Control: While New Mexico’s dry climate can reduce pest problems, common pests like cabbage worms and aphids may still be an issue. Use row covers to protect young plants, and apply organic pest control methods such as neem oil if pests become a problem. Monitor for signs of damage and treat early to prevent infestations.

Harvesting

Cabbage is ready to harvest when the heads feel firm and solid. This usually occurs 70-100 days after planting, depending on the variety. Use a sharp knife to cut the heads at the base. Leaving the outer leaves intact can help protect the remaining plant, which may continue to produce smaller heads.

Tip: Cabbage can tolerate light frosts, and cooler temperatures can enhance the flavor of the heads. However, make sure to harvest before any hard freezes, as they can damage the cabbage.

Conclusion

New Mexico’s cool nights and sunny days make it an ideal place to grow cabbage during the fall and spring seasons. By preparing the soil for better water retention, providing consistent irrigation, and planting during the cooler months, you can enjoy a productive cabbage crop in New Mexico’s arid climate. With careful attention to watering and pest control, your cabbage plants will thrive and produce firm, flavorful heads for harvest.