Growing Arugula in Maine: A Cool-Season Delight

Arugula, also known as rocket, is a leafy green that thrives in cooler climates, making Maine an excellent location for its cultivation. Arugula grows best in spring and fall when temperatures are mild, and it offers a peppery flavor that adds a fresh twist to salads and other dishes. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to grow arugula successfully in Maine.

1. Choosing the Right Arugula Variety for Maine

In Maine’s cooler climate, most arugula varieties will do well. However, you can choose different types depending on whether you prefer the traditional sharp flavor or a milder taste.

  • ‘Astro’: A popular variety with a milder taste and faster maturity, which is ideal for early spring plantings.
  • ‘Rocket’: Known for its peppery bite, this is a classic arugula variety that grows well in cooler climates like Maine.
  • ‘Wasabi’: This variety adds an extra kick to the flavor, making it a great choice for those who love a spicy arugula.

2. Planting Time

In Maine, where the growing season is relatively short, timing is key for growing arugula. Fortunately, arugula is a fast-growing plant that can be harvested quickly.

  • Spring Planting: Plant arugula seeds directly in the garden as soon as the soil is workable, usually in late April or early May. Arugula can tolerate light frosts, so early spring planting is ideal.
  • Fall Planting: For a fall crop, plant arugula seeds in late August or early September. Fall is often the best time to grow arugula in Maine because the cooler temperatures prevent the plant from bolting too quickly.

3. Soil Preparation

Arugula prefers well-drained, fertile soil with plenty of organic matter. Maine’s soil can be enriched with compost to ensure healthy growth.

  • Soil pH: Aim for a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Perform a soil test to check the pH level and amend the soil if necessary.
  • Soil Amendments: Add compost or well-rotted manure to enrich the soil with nutrients and improve its texture. Arugula is a light feeder but benefits from nutrient-rich soil.

4. Planting Techniques

Arugula is easy to grow from seed, and in Maine, it can be direct-seeded into the garden.

  • Seed Spacing: Sow seeds about 1/4 inch deep, spaced about 1 inch apart. Thin seedlings to about 4 to 6 inches apart once they have grown a few inches tall.
  • Succession Planting: To ensure a continuous harvest, plant new arugula seeds every 2 to 3 weeks from early spring through late summer.

5. Watering and Mulching

Arugula requires consistent moisture to grow well and avoid becoming too bitter.

  • Watering: Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist. Dry conditions can cause arugula to bolt and turn bitter.
  • Mulching: Apply a thin layer of organic mulch to help retain soil moisture and keep the roots cool, particularly in late spring when temperatures start to rise.

6. Pest and Disease Management

Maine’s cool, damp climate can sometimes lead to issues with pests and diseases, but arugula is generally quite hardy.

  • Flea Beetles: Flea beetles are a common pest that can damage arugula leaves. Use row covers to protect young plants, and monitor regularly for signs of damage.
  • Downy Mildew: In damp conditions, downy mildew can affect arugula. Ensure good air circulation by spacing plants properly and avoid overhead watering.

7. Fertilizing

Arugula doesn’t require heavy fertilization, but a light feeding can encourage lush growth.

  • Compost: Add compost to the soil before planting to provide the necessary nutrients.
  • Side-Dressing: If the soil is poor, side-dress with compost or a balanced organic fertilizer once during the growing season.

8. Harvesting Arugula in Maine

Arugula is a fast-growing crop and can be harvested as early as 20-30 days after planting.

  • Harvesting Baby Arugula: For tender, milder leaves, harvest when the leaves are about 2 to 3 inches long. Cut the outer leaves and allow the inner leaves to continue growing for multiple harvests.
  • Full-Size Harvest: If you prefer more mature leaves with a stronger flavor, wait until the plant reaches 6 to 8 inches tall before harvesting.

Conclusion

Maine’s cool climate is perfect for growing arugula, particularly in the spring and fall. By planting at the right time, keeping the soil rich and moist, and protecting the plants from pests, you can enjoy a steady supply of peppery arugula throughout the growing season.