Growing Lemons in Oklahoma: A Guide

Lemons, typically associated with warm, coastal regions, can still be grown in Oklahoma with some careful planning. While the state’s climate poses challenges for this subtropical tree, using proper techniques will allow you to cultivate healthy lemon trees that produce fruit.

1. Choosing the Right Lemon Variety

In Oklahoma, it’s crucial to select cold-hardy varieties, as winters can get quite harsh. Two popular lemon types suited for cooler climates are:

  • Meyer Lemon: This is a hybrid between a lemon and a mandarin, known for its sweeter, less acidic fruit. Meyer lemons are relatively cold-hardy, making them an ideal choice for Oklahoma.
  • Ponderosa Lemon: Although not as cold-tolerant as the Meyer, Ponderosa lemons can still thrive if provided proper care and protection.

2. Growing Lemons in Containers

Because of Oklahoma’s winter temperatures, growing lemon trees in containers is often the best approach. This allows you to move them indoors during the colder months. Here are a few tips for container growing:

  • Container Size: Use a pot that is at least 15 to 20 gallons in size with good drainage.
  • Soil: Choose a well-draining potting mix, preferably one formulated for citrus trees. You can mix perlite or sand with regular soil to improve drainage.
  • Repotting: Every 2-3 years, move your lemon tree to a larger container to allow the roots to grow.

3. Planting Outdoors

If you choose to plant lemons in the ground, pick a sunny, sheltered location in your yard. Since Oklahoma winters can dip below freezing, you will need to protect the tree with frost blankets or mulch during colder periods.

4. Watering and Drainage

Lemon trees require consistent moisture, but they don’t like soggy soil. Ensure that the pot or soil drains well to avoid root rot. Water the tree thoroughly but allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering.

5. Sunlight Requirements

Lemon trees need at least 6-8 hours of full sunlight daily. Place your container or ground-planted tree in the sunniest spot you have. In winter, indoor trees should be placed near a bright window or supplemented with grow lights.

6. Fertilizing

Lemons are heavy feeders. Use a citrus fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks from spring to summer, cutting back in fall and winter when growth slows. Organic options like fish emulsion or compost can also work well.

7. Dealing with Oklahoma Winters

Lemon trees are sensitive to frost. If you are growing your tree in a container, move it indoors when nighttime temperatures fall below 40°F (4°C). For ground-planted trees, cover them with frost blankets and mulch the base to protect the roots. During cold periods, avoid overwatering, as the tree’s growth will slow down in the winter.

8. Pests and Diseases

Lemon trees in Oklahoma may face challenges from pests like spider mites, scale, and aphids. Regularly check the leaves and treat any infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Root rot and other fungal diseases can occur in overly wet conditions, so be sure to manage watering carefully.

9. Harvesting

Meyer lemons can take up to 9 months to ripen. You’ll know they’re ready when the fruit turns bright yellow and feels slightly soft to the touch. Lemons left on the tree longer tend to become sweeter, so harvest them at your preferred flavor point.

Conclusion

Though growing lemons in Oklahoma requires some effort, especially with winter protection, you can enjoy fresh, home-grown citrus. Whether in a container or outdoors with extra care, choosing the right variety and providing optimal conditions will lead to a productive lemon tree.