How to Grow Grapes in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania’s diverse climate provides excellent conditions for growing grapes, especially in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the state, where conditions are similar to established grape-growing regions. Whether for winemaking or fresh consumption, growing grapes in Pennsylvania is a rewarding venture.

1. Choosing the Right Grape Varieties

Grapes suitable for Pennsylvania’s climate include both cold-hardy and classic wine grape varieties:

  • Chardonnay: A popular white wine grape that grows well in Pennsylvania.
  • Concord: A native American grape used for juice, jelly, and fresh eating.
  • Cabernet Franc: A red wine grape that thrives in Pennsylvania’s growing conditions.
  • Niagara: A versatile white grape used for juice and fresh consumption.

2. When to Plant

The ideal time to plant grapevines in Pennsylvania is in early spring, after the danger of frost has passed, typically in April.

  • Dormant vines: Plant dormant bare-root vines for the best establishment.

3. Soil Preparation

Grapes thrive in well-drained, fertile soils with a slightly acidic pH.

  • Soil type: Grapes grow best in loamy or sandy soils. If you have clay soil, amend it with organic matter to improve drainage.
  • Soil pH: Grapevines prefer a pH of 5.5 to 7.0. Test the soil and amend it as needed to achieve the right balance.
  • Fertilization: Before planting, work compost or a balanced fertilizer into the soil to provide essential nutrients.

4. Planting and Spacing

  • Planting depth: Plant vines at a depth of about 8-10 inches, spreading the roots evenly in the hole.
  • Spacing: Space grapevines 6-8 feet apart in rows, with 8-10 feet between rows to allow for proper air circulation and room for the vines to grow.

5. Training and Pruning

Training and pruning grapevines are crucial to maximizing fruit production.

  • Training system: Pennsylvania growers often use the high cordon or Geneva Double Curtain system to promote healthy growth and good air circulation.
  • Pruning: Prune grapevines during the dormant season, removing about 90% of the previous year’s growth. This encourages the vine to focus energy on producing quality fruit.

6. Watering

Grapevines need regular watering, especially during dry periods.

  • Watering frequency: Water deeply once a week during the growing season. Grapes are somewhat drought-tolerant once established, but consistent moisture during fruit development will improve the quality of the harvest.

7. Pest and Disease Management

Pennsylvania’s humid summers can encourage fungal diseases, so proactive management is key.

  • Powdery mildew and downy mildew: These fungal diseases are common in Pennsylvania vineyards. A regular fungicide program and good air circulation can help prevent outbreaks.
  • Grape berry moth: This pest can damage grape clusters. Use pheromone traps or insecticides to manage infestations.

8. Harvesting

Grapes in Pennsylvania are usually ready for harvest in late summer to early fall.

  • Harvest time: Grapes are ripe when they have reached full color and sweetness. Test a few grapes to determine ripeness.
  • Harvest method: Use pruning shears to cut grape clusters from the vines, handling them carefully to avoid bruising.

Conclusion

Pennsylvania’s climate offers excellent conditions for growing a variety of grape types, from wine grapes to those for fresh eating. With proper soil preparation, pruning, and pest management, you can cultivate a successful grapevine that will yield delicious fruit for many years.