How to Grow Broccoli in New Mexico
Broccoli thrives in cool weather, but growing it in New Mexico’s hot, dry climate can be challenging. However, with proper planning, timing, and attention to water needs, you can successfully grow broccoli in New Mexico, particularly in early spring or during the fall. Here’s a guide tailored to growing broccoli in the state’s diverse growing conditions.
1. Choosing Heat-Tolerant Varieties
Since New Mexico can experience high temperatures even in spring, select broccoli varieties that are more heat-tolerant and adaptable to warm climates:
- Belstar: This variety has excellent heat tolerance and performs well in warmer climates.
- Gypsy: Known for its ability to withstand fluctuations in temperature.
- Green Goliath: A reliable producer that can handle heat.
2. Timing Your Planting
Timing is crucial for success in New Mexico’s warm climate:
- Spring Planting: Start broccoli seeds indoors 8 to 10 weeks before the last frost, usually around January or early February. Transplant the seedlings outside 2-3 weeks before the last frost date, around mid-March or early April.
- Fall Planting: Broccoli performs best as a fall crop in New Mexico. Start seeds indoors in mid-July and transplant seedlings outside in late August for a fall harvest in November.
3. Soil Preparation
Broccoli needs rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. In New Mexico, where the soil can be sandy or clay-like, amending the soil is essential:
- Amend the Soil: Incorporate organic matter such as compost or aged manure to improve water retention and soil fertility.
- Fertilization: Use a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) before planting, and apply a side dressing every 3-4 weeks during the growing season.
4. Planting Broccoli
Transplant your broccoli seedlings when daytime temperatures are consistently between 60°F and 70°F:
- Spacing: Space the plants about 18 inches apart, with rows 24-36 inches apart, to allow room for growth and good air circulation.
- Full Sun: Broccoli requires full sun to thrive, so choose a location with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
5. Watering in Dry Conditions
New Mexico’s arid climate means you’ll need to water broccoli more frequently:
- Deep Watering: Broccoli requires consistent moisture, about 1-2 inches of water per week. Water deeply at the base to encourage deep root growth.
- Mulch: Apply organic mulch, such as straw or compost, to help retain soil moisture, regulate temperature, and reduce weed growth.
6. Managing Temperature Extremes
Broccoli thrives in cool temperatures, so managing heat is critical in New Mexico:
- Use Shade Cloth: Protect plants from the intense afternoon sun by using shade cloth, especially in the spring when temperatures can rise quickly.
- Row Covers: Early in the season, row covers can protect against cold nights, and in summer, they help reduce heat stress and insect damage.
7. Pest and Disease Management
In New Mexico, common pests include aphids, cabbage loopers, and flea beetles. To prevent and manage infestations:
- Monitor Regularly: Inspect plants frequently for signs of pests.
- Use Organic Pesticides: Neem oil or insecticidal soap can help manage pest populations.
- Crop Rotation: Rotate crops yearly to reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases.
8. Harvesting Broccoli
Broccoli heads are ready to harvest when they are firm and tight. Cut the central head, leaving the side shoots intact, which will continue to produce smaller heads over the next several weeks.
By adjusting your growing techniques to New Mexico’s climate—especially focusing on watering and temperature management—you can enjoy a successful broccoli harvest despite the challenges posed by the state’s dry, hot weather.
