The Best Beans to Grow in Nebraska

Nebraska’s fertile soils and moderate growing season provide an excellent environment for growing a variety of beans. Beans are versatile, nutritious, and relatively easy to grow, making them a staple in many gardens across the state. Whether you’re looking to grow green beans, dry beans, or snap beans, here’s a guide to selecting the best varieties for Nebraska.

1. Understanding Nebraska’s Climate

Nebraska has a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. The state’s growing season typically lasts from mid-April to mid-October, with frost-free days varying between 120 to 160 depending on the region. Beans thrive in warm weather, so planting them after the last frost is crucial for a successful harvest.

2. Best Varieties of Beans for Nebraska

Nebraska’s climate allows for several types of beans to be grown successfully. Here are some of the best varieties:

1. Bush Beans

Bush beans are compact plants that don’t require staking and produce their harvest all at once, making them ideal for small gardens or container planting.

  • Blue Lake 274: A popular variety known for its heavy yields and tender pods. It matures in about 55 days and is great for both fresh eating and canning.
  • Provider: One of the best early-producing bush beans, Provider matures in 50 days and has excellent disease resistance. It performs well in various soil types and is a reliable option for Nebraska’s climate.
  • Contender: Known for its heat tolerance, Contender matures in about 50 days. This variety is perfect for Nebraska’s hot summers and produces high yields of tender, stringless beans.
2. Pole Beans

Pole beans require support but produce a continuous harvest over a longer period, making them perfect for gardeners who want fresh beans throughout the season.

  • Kentucky Wonder: A classic pole bean variety, Kentucky Wonder produces large, flavorful pods that are great for fresh eating, freezing, or canning. It matures in 65-75 days and is resistant to rust.
  • Fortex: Known for its long, slender pods, Fortex is a gourmet-quality pole bean that produces tender, stringless beans. It matures in 60-70 days and is perfect for Nebraska’s longer growing season.
  • Scarlet Runner: Not only is this bean variety ornamental with its bright red flowers, but it also produces delicious beans. Scarlet Runner beans are more cold-tolerant, making them suitable for cooler parts of Nebraska.
3. Dry Beans

For those looking to grow beans for storage, dry beans are a fantastic option. Nebraska’s warm, sunny summer provides excellent conditions for drying beans on the vine.

  • Pinto Beans: Pinto beans are one of the most popular varieties for dry storage. They grow well in Nebraska’s warm summers and mature in 90-100 days. These beans are perfect for soups, stews, and refried bean dishes.
  • Black Turtle Beans: Known for their rich flavor and versatility, Black Turtle beans thrive in Nebraska’s climate and mature in about 90-100 days. They are highly nutritious and store well.
  • Great Northern Beans: This white bean variety is actually native to Nebraska, making it a perfect choice for local gardens. Great Northern beans are ideal for soups and baked bean dishes and mature in 85-95 days.
4. Specialty Beans

Nebraska gardeners can also grow some specialty beans for unique flavors and culinary uses.

  • Edamame (Soybeans): Edamame is an immature soybean that’s harvested while still green. They are rich in protein and are great for snacking or adding to salads. Soybeans thrive in Nebraska’s warm summers and should be harvested when the pods are plump.
  • Lima Beans: While lima beans prefer warmer climates, varieties like Fordhook 242 do well in Nebraska’s long summers. These beans are great for freezing and add a buttery texture to dishes.

3. Planting Tips for Beans in Nebraska

  • Timing: Plant beans after the danger of frost has passed, typically in late May to early June in Nebraska. Beans are sensitive to cold temperatures, so ensure soil temperatures are at least 60°F before planting.
  • Soil Preparation: Beans prefer well-drained, loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Before planting, work compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to improve fertility.
  • Spacing: Bush beans should be planted about 1 inch deep and spaced 2-3 inches apart in rows that are 18-24 inches apart. Pole beans should be planted similarly, but they need trellises or supports to climb on.
  • Watering: Keep the soil evenly moist, especially during flowering and pod development. Water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the leaves, which can lead to disease.

4. Common Pests and Diseases in Nebraska

  • Mexican Bean Beetles: These pests can skeletonize bean leaves. Handpick the beetles or use insecticidal soap to control them.
  • Aphids: Aphids can cause damage by sucking the sap from bean plants. Spray plants with a strong stream of water or use insecticidal soap.
  • Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease can affect beans, especially in humid conditions. Ensure good air circulation by spacing plants properly and water in the morning so the leaves dry quickly.

5. Harvesting Beans

  • Bush Beans: Harvest when the pods are young and tender, usually 50-60 days after planting. Pick beans regularly to encourage more production.
  • Pole Beans: These beans produce continuously, so harvest them when the pods are about 6-8 inches long. Regular picking helps the plant keep producing.
  • Dry Beans: Allow the pods to dry on the vine before harvesting. Once they are fully dry, shell the beans and store them in a cool, dry place.

6. Storing Beans

  • Fresh Beans: Freshly picked beans can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week. Blanch and freeze them for longer storage.
  • Dry Beans: After harvesting and shelling dry beans, store them in airtight containers in a cool, dark place. Properly dried beans can last for up to a year.

Conclusion

Nebraska’s diverse climate allows for many types of beans to be grown successfully. Whether you choose bush beans, pole beans, dry beans, or specialty varieties, you’ll enjoy a bountiful harvest with the proper care. By selecting the right variety, preparing your soil, and managing pests, you’ll have a successful bean-growing season in the Cornhusker State.