How to Grow Asparagus in Indiana
Asparagus is a perennial vegetable that thrives in Indiana’s temperate climate. Growing asparagus requires patience since the first harvest doesn’t occur until the second or third year, but once established, an asparagus bed can produce for 15-20 years or more. Here’s a guide to help you grow asparagus in Indiana.
1. Choosing the Right Asparagus Variety
Some asparagus varieties that do well in Indiana’s climate include:
- Jersey Giant: A high-yielding, disease-resistant variety.
- Mary Washington: A classic heirloom variety known for its reliability and flavor.
- Purple Passion: A vibrant purple variety with a sweeter flavor.
2. When to Plant
The best time to plant asparagus in Indiana is in early spring, as soon as the soil can be worked. This is typically in late March or early April.
- Dormant crowns: Asparagus is usually planted from 1-year-old crowns rather than seeds, as crowns establish more quickly and produce earlier.
3. Soil Preparation
Asparagus thrives in well-drained soil with plenty of organic matter. Indiana’s soil is often fertile, but proper preparation is key.
- Soil type: Sandy loam is ideal for asparagus. If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage.
- Soil pH: Asparagus prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH, between 6.5 and 7.5. Conduct a soil test before planting and amend if necessary.
- Fertilization: Before planting, work in compost or a balanced fertilizer. Asparagus is a heavy feeder and benefits from nutrient-rich soil.
4. Planting and Spacing
- Planting crowns: Dig trenches about 12 inches wide and 6-8 inches deep. Space the crowns 12-18 inches apart in rows, with 4-5 feet between rows.
- Covering crowns: Spread the roots of each crown over a small mound of soil at the bottom of the trench, then cover with 2-3 inches of soil. As the shoots emerge, gradually fill in the trench with soil until it is level with the ground.
5. Watering
Asparagus needs consistent moisture, especially during its establishment phase.
- Frequency: Water deeply once a week, providing 1-2 inches of water. In dry periods, you may need to increase watering to ensure the soil stays moist but not waterlogged.
- Mulching: Mulch with straw, grass clippings, or compost to help retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.
6. Pest and Disease Management
Indiana gardeners may face a few pests and diseases that affect asparagus.
- Asparagus beetles: These pests can damage spears. Hand-pick beetles or use insecticidal soap if needed.
- Fusarium wilt: A soil-borne fungus that can weaken plants. Rotate asparagus beds every 10-15 years to reduce the risk and ensure proper drainage.
7. Harvesting
You can begin light harvesting of asparagus in the second year, but full harvests shouldn’t be taken until the third year when plants are well-established.
- Harvest time: Harvest spears in the spring when they reach about 6-8 inches in height. Cut or snap them at ground level.
- Duration: Harvest for 4-6 weeks in the third year, gradually extending the harvest period in subsequent years as the bed becomes more productive.
Conclusion
Growing asparagus in Indiana requires patience, but once established, it’s a low-maintenance perennial that rewards with bountiful harvests each spring. By choosing the right variety, preparing the soil, and caring for your plants during the first few years, you’ll enjoy fresh asparagus for many seasons to come.
