How to Grow Asparagus in Illinois
Asparagus is an excellent perennial crop for Illinois gardens, with a long lifespan and high yields once established. With its cool winters and warm springs, Illinois provides the ideal environment for this hardy vegetable. Here’s how to grow asparagus in Illinois.
1. Choosing the Right Asparagus Variety
Varieties that perform well in Illinois include:
- Jersey Knight: Known for its high yield and disease resistance.
- Purple Passion: A unique variety with sweet, tender spears.
- Mary Washington: A traditional favorite that is cold-hardy and reliable.
2. When to Plant
The best time to plant asparagus in Illinois is in early spring, after the ground has thawed and can be worked, typically in March or April.
- Planting crowns: Asparagus is best planted from 1-year-old crowns, which will establish faster than seeds and produce earlier.
3. Soil Preparation
Asparagus requires well-drained soil rich in organic matter to thrive in Illinois.
- Soil type: Sandy loam with good drainage is ideal. In heavier soils, such as Illinois’ common clay, improve drainage by mixing in compost or other organic matter.
- Soil pH: Aim for a soil pH of 6.5 to 7.5. Perform a soil test and amend if necessary to provide the optimal growing conditions.
- Fertilization: Before planting, incorporate compost or a balanced fertilizer to give the crowns a strong start.
4. Planting and Spacing
- Planting depth: Dig a trench 6-8 inches deep and 12 inches wide. Place crowns 12-18 inches apart with rows spaced 4-5 feet apart.
- Covering crowns: Cover the crowns with 2-3 inches of soil and gradually fill in the trench as the shoots grow, keeping the soil loose around the crowns.
5. Watering
Asparagus needs consistent moisture, especially in the early growing stages.
- Water frequency: Water once or twice a week, providing about 1-2 inches of water. Ensure that the soil stays moist but well-drained to prevent root rot.
- Mulching: Mulch around the plants to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Organic mulch such as straw or compost works best.
6. Pest and Disease Management
Common pests in Illinois include asparagus beetles and aphids, while fungal diseases like fusarium wilt can also be an issue.
- Asparagus beetles: Pick off beetles by hand or use organic pesticides if necessary.
- Disease prevention: Ensure good drainage and rotate crops every decade to minimize the risk of soil-borne diseases.
7. Harvesting
Patience is key when growing asparagus. You should wait until the second or third year before harvesting.
- Harvest time: Start light harvesting in the second year, only taking spears for about two weeks. In the third year, you can harvest for up to six weeks.
- Harvest method: Cut or snap spears at the soil surface when they are 6-8 inches tall.
Conclusion
Growing asparagus in Illinois can be a long-term investment in your garden, producing fresh spears for many years. With the right variety, soil preparation, and care, you’ll be rewarded with a healthy, productive asparagus bed.
