Growing Corn in Maine: A Complete Guide

Corn is a warm-season crop that can be successfully grown in Maine, provided that gardeners pay close attention to the short growing season and soil conditions. With careful planning, selecting the right varieties, and providing the right care, you can grow sweet, flavorful corn even in Maine’s cooler climate.

1. Choosing the Right Corn Varieties

In Maine, where the growing season is shorter compared to more temperate regions, selecting early-maturing corn varieties is key. Some recommended types include:

  • Sugar Buns: An early, sweet corn variety that matures in about 70 days.
  • Golden Bantam: A heritage variety that is cold-tolerant and matures in around 80 days.
  • Peaches & Cream: A bi-color sweet corn that matures in about 83 days and is favored for its flavor.

These varieties perform well in Maine’s climate and offer good yields even with a limited growing period.

2. Planting Time and Site Selection

Maine’s cool spring temperatures can delay corn planting, but with careful timing, you can ensure successful germination and growth.

  • When to Plant: Corn seeds should be planted when the soil temperature reaches at least 60°F, typically in late May to early June. Starting seeds too early can result in poor germination.
  • Sunlight: Corn requires full sun (at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day), so select a location that is free from shade.
  • Soil: Corn prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. If your soil is heavy or compacted, consider using raised beds or amending the soil with organic matter to improve drainage and aeration.

3. Soil Preparation

Healthy soil is key to growing strong corn plants:

  • Fertilizing: Prior to planting, enrich the soil with compost or aged manure to improve fertility. Corn is a heavy feeder, so you may need to apply a balanced fertilizer (such as 10-10-10) at the time of planting.
  • Soil Testing: It’s a good idea to test your soil pH and nutrient levels. Adjust with lime if necessary to raise the pH or add sulfur if the soil is too alkaline.

4. Planting Corn Seeds

Corn is best planted directly in the ground, as transplanting can be challenging for this crop.

  • Planting Depth: Sow corn seeds about 1 to 1.5 inches deep and space them 8-12 inches apart in rows.
  • Row Spacing: Space rows 30-36 inches apart to allow for adequate air circulation and ease of access during harvest.
  • Block Planting: To ensure proper pollination (corn is wind-pollinated), plant corn in blocks of at least 4 rows rather than long single rows.

5. Watering and Care

Consistent watering is essential for growing healthy corn plants, especially during critical growth stages.

  • Watering: Provide about 1 inch of water per week, ensuring the soil remains evenly moist but not waterlogged. Corn roots are shallow, so water deeply to promote stronger root systems.
  • Mulching: Apply mulch around the base of the plants to help retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.

6. Fertilizing During Growth

As corn grows, it will benefit from additional nutrients.

  • Side-Dressing: When plants are 12-18 inches tall, side-dress with a nitrogen-rich fertilizer to boost growth. This can be done by applying a nitrogen-based fertilizer like blood meal or a synthetic option around the base of the plants.
  • Second Fertilizing: Fertilize again when the corn begins to tassel, as this is when the plants enter their reproductive phase and need extra nutrients for kernel development.

7. Pest and Disease Control

Corn is susceptible to various pests and diseases, but with proper vigilance, most issues can be managed:

  • Corn Earworms: One of the most common pests, earworms can damage ears as they develop. Consider applying an organic insecticide like Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) or neem oil if infestations occur.
  • European Corn Borer: This pest can damage the stalks, leading to weakened plants. Rotate crops yearly and remove any infested debris at the end of the season to reduce overwintering pests.
  • Raccoons and Deer: If you live in an area with wildlife, you may need to erect fences or use other deterrents to protect your crop from being eaten.

8. Harvesting Corn

Corn is usually ready to harvest about 3 weeks after the silk emerges. Knowing when to harvest is crucial for enjoying sweet, tender kernels.

  • Silk Check: When the silk turns brown and dry, but the husks are still green, the corn is nearing maturity.
  • Kernel Test: To check if corn is ready, peel back the husk slightly and press a kernel with your fingernail. If a milky liquid squirts out, the corn is ripe.
  • Harvesting: Twist the ears downward and snap them off the stalk. Harvest early in the morning for the best flavor, as sugars convert to starch rapidly after picking.

9. End-of-Season Care

After harvesting, there are a few tasks to wrap up the growing season:

  • Stalk Removal: Once the corn is harvested, cut down the stalks and either compost them or use them as mulch.
  • Crop Rotation: Avoid planting corn in the same spot each year to prevent soil depletion and reduce pest issues.

Conclusion

Growing corn in Maine can be a fulfilling endeavor with the right preparation and care. By selecting early-maturing varieties, planting at the right time, and providing consistent water and nutrients, you’ll be able to enjoy fresh, homegrown corn despite the state’s shorter growing season.