How to Grow Artichokes in Delaware

Artichokes (Cynara scolymus) are a Mediterranean crop that might seem challenging to grow in Delaware’s climate, but with the right variety and care, they can be successfully cultivated. While Delaware’s winters are colder than artichokes’ natural growing environment, growing them as an annual or treating them as tender perennials with winter protection can yield delicious results. This guide will help you grow artichokes in Delaware, whether for their unique flavor or ornamental appeal.

1. Choosing the Right Artichoke Variety for Delaware

  • Imperial Star: This variety is specifically bred for growing in cooler climates, making it an ideal choice for Delaware. It produces artichokes in the first year and is more cold-tolerant than traditional varieties.
  • Green Globe: Another popular choice, Green Globe can be grown as an annual in Delaware. It produces large, flavorful buds, but may require more winter protection to survive the cold.

2. Starting Artichokes from Seed or Transplants

  • Seeds: Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last expected frost in Delaware (around mid-February to early March). Artichokes need a long growing season, so getting an early start indoors is crucial.
  • Transplants: You can also purchase artichoke transplants from a nursery. Transplants should be planted in the garden after the danger of frost has passed (usually late April to early May in Delaware).
  • Cold Treatment: Artichokes need a brief period of cool temperatures (40-50°F) to encourage budding. In Delaware, planting artichokes outdoors in early spring provides this necessary vernalization.

3. Preparing the Soil

  • Soil Type: Artichokes prefer well-drained, nutrient-rich soil with a pH of 6.5-7.5. Amend Delaware’s heavy clay soils with compost or organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
  • Raised Beds: If you have poor-draining soil, consider planting artichokes in raised beds to prevent root rot.

4. Planting Artichokes

  • Spacing: Artichokes are large plants that need plenty of space to grow. Space them about 3-4 feet apart to allow for full development.
  • Sunlight: Choose a location that receives full sun (6-8 hours per day) to maximize growth and bud production.

5. Watering and Fertilizing

  • Watering: Artichokes need consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. Water deeply once or twice a week, depending on weather conditions. Mulching around the plants will help retain moisture and prevent weeds.
  • Fertilizing: Artichokes are heavy feeders. Apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) when planting, and continue to fertilize monthly during the growing season to support healthy growth and bud production.

6. Managing Pests and Diseases

  • Pests: Common pests like aphids, snails, and slugs can damage artichokes. Use organic insecticides or hand-pick pests to manage infestations.
  • Diseases: Artichokes are generally disease-resistant, but overwatering or poor drainage can lead to root rot. Ensure proper soil drainage and avoid waterlogged conditions.

7. Harvesting Artichokes

  • When to Harvest: Artichokes are ready to harvest when the buds are large, tight, and before the leaves start to open. The central bud is usually harvested first, followed by smaller buds on the sides.
  • How to Harvest: Cut the stem about 1-2 inches below the bud with a sharp knife. Harvesting regularly encourages the plant to produce more buds.

8. Winterizing Artichokes in Delaware

  • Perennial Care: In warmer parts of Delaware, you can grow artichokes as perennials with some winter protection. After the first frost, cut the plants back to about 12 inches, cover the crowns with straw or mulch, and protect them with a frost blanket or plastic cover.
  • Annual Growing: In areas with harsher winters, artichokes can be grown as annuals. In this case, simply harvest the final crop before the first frost and remove the plants from the garden.

9. Growing Artichokes in Containers

  • Containers: If you’re short on space, artichokes can be grown in large containers (at least 18-24 inches in diameter). Ensure the container has good drainage and is filled with a rich, well-draining potting mix.
  • Winter Protection: Container-grown artichokes are easier to move indoors or into a sheltered area during the winter, helping protect them from Delaware’s cold temperatures.

Conclusion

Growing artichokes in Delaware can be both rewarding and enjoyable with the right approach. Whether growing them as annuals or perennials, selecting the proper variety, ensuring well-drained soil, and providing winter protection can help you successfully cultivate this unique vegetable. With patience and care, you’ll enjoy homegrown artichokes and their impressive, ornamental appeal in your garden.