Growing Artichokes in New Jersey: A Guide for Gardeners

Artichokes, known for their delicious, edible flower buds, may not be the most common vegetable in New Jersey gardens, but with the right care, they can thrive in the Garden State’s climate. While artichokes typically prefer Mediterranean conditions, New Jersey’s variable weather offers a unique opportunity to grow this plant as an annual or even perennial in some regions.

Here’s how to successfully grow artichokes in New Jersey.

1. Choosing the Right Variety

Some artichoke varieties are better suited for the cooler winters and humid summers in New Jersey. For a better chance at success, select varieties that are more adaptable to shorter growing seasons, such as:

  • Green Globe: One of the most popular varieties, known for its large, tasty buds.
  • Imperial Star: Specifically bred for cooler climates, this variety matures faster, making it ideal for New Jersey’s growing season.
  • Violetto: A beautiful purple variety that adds both flavor and color to your garden.

2. Climate Considerations

New Jersey has a temperate climate with cold winters and warm, humid summers. Artichokes are traditionally grown in regions with mild winters, but they can still thrive in New Jersey if proper precautions are taken.

Artichokes are typically a perennial in zones 7-10, and southern parts of New Jersey (zone 7) may allow them to overwinter if they are properly mulched or protected. In colder areas, like northern New Jersey, artichokes will need to be grown as an annual or be heavily protected from frost.

3. Starting Artichokes from Seed or Transplants

Artichokes have a long growing season and can take up to 180 days to mature, so starting them early is key. Here are two options:

  • Starting from Seed: Begin seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost date, which in New Jersey is usually in mid-April. To improve germination, soak the seeds for a day before planting them in seed trays. Keep them in a warm location with plenty of sunlight or under grow lights.

  • Using Transplants: If you’re short on time, buy artichoke transplants from a nursery. These should be planted in your garden after the last frost, usually in late April to early May.

4. Site Selection and Soil Preparation

Artichokes thrive in full sun and need well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Choose a spot in your garden that gets at least 6-8 hours of sunlight a day. If your soil is heavy with clay or doesn’t drain well, consider adding compost or planting your artichokes in raised beds.

  • Soil pH: Artichokes prefer a slightly acidic to neutral soil, with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5.
  • Fertilization: Before planting, work compost or well-rotted manure into the soil. During the growing season, side-dress your artichokes with a balanced fertilizer to encourage healthy growth.

5. Planting and Spacing

When it’s time to plant your artichokes outdoors (once the danger of frost has passed), space them about 3-4 feet apart. These plants grow large and need room to spread.

  • Planting Depth: If using transplants, plant them at the same depth as they were in their pots. If planting seeds directly in the garden (not recommended due to the long growing season), plant seeds 1/4 inch deep.

6. Watering and Mulching

Artichokes need consistent moisture to thrive, especially during the hot New Jersey summers. Water deeply once or twice a week, depending on rainfall, to ensure the soil remains evenly moist. However, avoid overwatering, as soggy soil can lead to root rot.

  • Mulching: Apply mulch around the base of the plants to retain soil moisture, reduce weeds, and help moderate soil temperature. Mulching can also protect plants in colder areas when temperatures begin to drop.

7. Dealing with Pests and Diseases

New Jersey’s humid summers can encourage the growth of certain pests and diseases. Keep an eye out for:

  • Aphids: These small insects can attack new growth, causing the leaves to curl or discolor. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control infestations.
  • Slugs and Snails: These pests can feed on artichoke leaves, especially during wet weather. Hand-pick them in the evening or set up traps to protect your plants.
  • Powdery Mildew: Humidity can lead to fungal issues like powdery mildew. To prevent this, avoid overhead watering and ensure good air circulation around your plants.

8. Frost Protection

In northern New Jersey, where winters are colder, growing artichokes as a perennial requires protecting them from frost. You can cover the plants with straw or mulch, or use row covers to keep them insulated. In very cold regions, dig up the plants and store them in a cool, dry place until the next planting season.

9. Harvesting Artichokes

Artichokes are ready to harvest when the buds are still tight and firm, usually in mid to late summer, depending on when you planted them. The central bud is usually the largest and is harvested first. Cut the stem 1-2 inches below the bud. After harvesting the main bud, smaller side buds will develop and can also be harvested when they reach about 3 inches in diameter.

10. Storing and Enjoying Your Artichokes

Freshly harvested artichokes can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week. They are delicious when steamed, grilled, or roasted. Enjoy them dipped in butter, garlic aioli, or stuffed with your favorite seasonings.

Conclusion

Growing artichokes in New Jersey requires some planning, especially when dealing with the cooler winters and variable climate. However, with the right variety and a bit of care, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of this delicious vegetable. Whether you grow them as annuals or perennials, artichokes will add an exotic touch to your garden and your table!